Twentieth century, 30 years to go to Europe, no aircraft can not take the train to go through Siberia, only to go sea
Road, that boat by the Indian Ocean, Red Sea, Suez Canal, Mediterranean to Europe. We lived on the ship is economy class, two bunk beds, a small table. Sea life is boring boring, though each to a large port such as Hong Kong, Mumbai, a short tour can go ashore, but it is the Chinese people to enjoy the rich; we had no money, had stood on the deck overlooking the busy port. Those few wealthy Chinese playing mahjong during the day, Zhu Dehao, eat well, as we would like to come to a sleep during the day, they borrowed the night playing mahjong tiles. So after a month of sailing, boat finally arrived at their destination - Venice,UGG boots, Italy. Disembarkation day, after breakfast to see the restaurant door restaurant waiter standing in Tipping the rich to the 50 or 100 dollars; we had no money, Xie Yu-Jin said: just give $ 10, we are students, in the past when do not look at his face it is. So we are quite later, the waiter did not say anything even a thank you out. Recall, it is interesting.
is a beautiful water city of Venice, a city with a long history. Ashore, we bought some orange
child to eat, when we cut open and found that there are like blood, and that bad to all the lost, and later
It is rare that the blood orange. We have time to visit Watertown picture, only a short stay, he left Venice. When
when we arrived in Vienna, Austria, the local schools have been opening two weeks of the. That happens to be Sunday,
all the shops were closed routinely, and even bread can not buy. We are all very hungry and had to spend more money to the restaurant.
The next day we train to Munich. After arrival in Munich, Xie Yu-Jin have proposed, several of us should be separated, should not be together, as long as we together will speak Chinese, which for us is very unfavorable to learn German. At. He went to Freiburg (Freiburg). Kam Shing Cheng also believes that is not conducive to learning the language together, they left we went to Berlin. Jinyuan more conservative than I, not two separate University School of Medicine to continue to stay in Munich late (clinical) study. Tongji University in Germany at that time and extensive cooperation between, as long as the primary and then by a Latin exam to be enrolled. Fortunately, we have made in the domestic primary examination proved that the Latin goes, Exemption, and also smoothly up into the school to study. munich Munich
the target language is English, German, called München (Ming Xing), Germany following the Berlin and Hamburg
third largest city, is the state capital of Bayern, when population of about 120 million. Germany, Munich, Germany called the 1919
Hitler in Munich in the composition of the National Socialist Party, is the birthplace of Nazism, so Hitler was in power, Munich
Black also known as .) University of Munich, was founded in 1472, has more than 500 years of history, is one of the world's leading universities. I attended this university, and in this college, proud of it.
I arrived in Munich, the first thing is to find accommodation. Germany has a lot of families, due to savings on vacant
rented room, hung out at the gate with a card: Munich University School of Medicine Hospital, the Institute are concentrated in one area, I was in the medical area to find housing. Walther Street, in the first housing, 30 per month mark, even for breakfast. The landlord was an old lady, very kind. My house in the first floor, inadequate lighting, reading of the tables in the window, while the window is the pavement side of the yard, while a thin white curtain, but continued to travel between shadows so I can not focus on ideas. In addition, a landlord to 21:00 to beat the old lady to the door, said: Sir can sleep. I live for a month, can no longer afford to live, even though the landlord to retain the old lady I am warm, I moved to the second housing, the H?berl Street; 28 marks per month, less two marks, but also for the breakfast, the landlord is a pair of middle-aged couples. I only live for a month, due to the room on the second floor, downstairs is a vehicle access, continue to have the truck to and from morning to night; Another reason is that the landlord couple often quarreled, the men beat woman, big woman cry. In this case, only the second time I moved, moved Frauenlob Street, rent 30 marks a month, but also for breakfast. Landlord is also a middle-aged couple, housing in the four-story building, opposite the Third Hospital of Munich University School of Medicine (urology, dermatology), environment is very quiet. There is also a tenant of housing, live next door to me, is a veterinarian, called Mr. Mayer, who slaughtered pig in the vicinity, a typical southern Germany near the Bavarian Alps. He often dressed in Bavarian costume,Discount UGG boots, wearing a green felt hat, a feather plug cap, sheepskin system shorts, thick wool socks, heavy boots and shoes. He always work around 11 o'clock at night, onto the stairs and shock weight, Kengkeng sound; opened the door insert the key in the door openings chaos, and then slammed the door. One room will have two boots, pry out, banging the second tone, and then they sent snoring. I also got used to not care. The problem is very cold house,UGGs, a fireplace but no coal, all the clothes I had to put the cold. Mistress Frau Schachtner very good landlord, had a daughter, every night always asked me to put shoes at the door, she would clean; every Sunday morning, she always sent to do their own cake. I am very happy to afford to live, have lived to my graduation in 1940.
my financial situation is tight, especially in 1939, the Japanese invasion to Shanghai, Hangzhou and sister have
can no longer send money out; she has a total of around five times I have 4200 dollars funded. I'm only 70 marks per month, of which 30 grams of horse
pay the rent, the remaining 40 marks for food and books, but fortunately the German reading is free. Breakfast is supplied by the landlord
; lunch went to the hotel designed for students to eat every meal 60 Finney, Finney 65 plus tip.
Eat brown bread at night, cast one o'clock to feed their families a jam. You can jam up their own small shop to buy another empty bottle. Since there did not rent a bathing
week had an appointment to a public bath, Jinyuan to wash with; clothes send laundry to pay, after weighing, a week later
pick it up. In this way, students living through the coming three years.
German at home I think that is very good. However, Germany has become deaf and dumb.
Munich to talk with someone quickly, but also with a local accent, it is difficult to understand. Over half a year we go to listen and speak some. As an example,
Germans Time to walk in the park, saw a lovely boy,
I asked him how old you are; he suddenly laughed and turned to tell his mother said: He called me Sie it! I understand,
Have mutual friends, said Du; for the elderly or teachers or people who are not familiar with all
said Sie. If you have friends, love deeper, we must first make Du said the elderly, and with each other to use the Du said the.
read in my medical after the first semester, the fall in 1937, I suddenly found the bottom of the rectum with a long
long pedicle of the polyp, when I went to the hospital surgical procedure. German students are free for medical expenses, and medical ill have
by the director or deputy director of the surgical procedure in person, it is traditional, the professor was very concerned about the students. Although I am a medical student
States, and has just started school and still enjoy such a privilege. Hospital for a week, back to my own residence from
when it was in late autumn, the ground is covered with brown leaves, cold wind blowing head, I am a man walking slowly
in the street, I think of the motherland, and thought of home, can not help but cry! scene that to this day still deeply imprinted in the memory.
1939 year, I received two scholarships, is my PhD supervisor, Professor Borst signed personally recommended.
one is the Wolf Scholarship, three and a half, a total of 420 marks; the other is the Alexander von Humboldt Fellowship (Humboldt-Stiftung), 150 per month mark, a total of two years seven months. This greatly eased the financial pressure, not only completed my three years of school, and began at Munich University Hospital surgical career.
in Munich when only a Chinese restaurant in Augusten Street, owner surnamed Xu, Wenzhou. Jin
I have to eat sometimes a source of Chinese food, meal one mark, for us it is a pleasure; can also see a few Chinese students
. University of Munich at that time about 20 Chinese students, of which Malaysia Festival (Economics),
Xu dimensional cast (Economics), Zhuang Xiaode (cell biology), Xu Bangyu (refrigeration engineering), Xu Wei Wen (Chemistry), Jiang
Ximing (biology) and his wife, Xu Ruiyun (mathematics) and the then military training in Munich Chiang Wei. Remember
there are a few female students to study medicine, a man named Li Shu-house, a man named Ye Jingen (president of Tongji University, Brandon Mrs.),
they all live in the University of Munich, specially women dormitory; they could make Chinese food, and sometimes invited us to dinner.
Chinese students studying in Munich got along very well, and sometimes go to the outskirts of Munich, Stamberg Lake Recreation.
these situations before the start of World War II, 1938, 1939 period. Wait until after the start of World War II, the atmosphere tense, we
are drilled in the study and work exchanges with each other almost interrupted. Jinyuan had to go after graduation, the University of Vienna Hospital
, while I am busy with surgery, and often, and my wife together.
five, sitting in a classroom of Munich University School of Medicine
1937 年 2 month I started studying in Germany, clinical (medical post), before and after three years, graduated Winter 1939 < br>
industry has. Since World War II Germany needs a large number of doctors, therefore, the medical education system to change from one year two semester three semesters a year
(Trimester), it would suffice to reduce the learning time a year, I then in the winter of 1939 in the country than
classmates graduated a year ahead of schedule.
courses in Germany and domestic clinical course is not quite the same as three years to completion of 14 required courses before they can participate in graduation exam
added. 14 required courses are: pathology, pharmacology, microbiology and hygiene, local anatomy, pathology
of Health Science, the science, surgery, obstetrics and gynecology, pediatrics, neuropsychiatry, ophthalmology , orl, sexually transmitted diseases, skin
skin and forensics. The location of the class dispersed in different hospitals or research institutes, and I had bought a Jinyuan
the old bike cars, break in a short period of time, the rush from one place to another the local school. For example, the first lesson
morning lectures, including the Academy of Sciences, Institute of Pathology and then go to lectures. Fortunately, the 14 required courses of lectures and student
time can be arranged by the students themselves, which is distributed according to their own arrangements for the actual situation in three years, eight semesters to complete all of the above courses lectures and student.
completely different classes of clinical disciplines, the domestic situation, not For example, surgery on the first lesson, the teacher will introduce a few of the materials for students to read information, and then they
way to demonstrate teaching. China lectures are taught by teaching systematically, saw the book, but not the patient; and Germany
country is typical of cases linked demonstration teaching. Today is a cancer patient, and tomorrow is a brain tumor patient, and acquired upper limb fracture a patient; history teacher briefly, suggesting that the X-ray film may also be implemented in the classroom reset. In short, the students themselves to read books, to think themselves in class just to demonstrate some typical common cases. Called the four students in each class down to Q & Q some basic knowledge. In one or two semesters in a course on the high end, you can obtain a proof of lectures, reading until the 14 courses of 14 lectures have made proof to connect to the university to apply for graduation exams. If you do not hard-working, or not go to class, you can not apply, only extended learning time. I met a few German students have already read the 5 to 6 years, has not yet finished, drag on year after year, people are calling them
a gynecologist in the class, I can watch the surgical operating room; a professor removed from the abdominal cavity in children
head of uterine fibroids, I suddenly fainted, operating room nurses ( nuns) carried me in the corridor immediately oxygen, I was back, but
I am very sad,UGG bailey button, it seems I can not make any
popular with universities in Germany a word, called Students can go to the University of Munich to continue to learn, that is, northern Germany, southern college students came to Germany to study, or vice versa. Many students like to transfer, on the one hand learning, one can understand the local customs and habits, places of interest.
impressed me was the scene on the clinical course. School teachers are lecturing or research institute of the first to
hand, the professor or director. They are very particular about the instruments, iron was straight white coat, white trousers, white tie, white leather shoes
, is followed by a large number of teaching assistants, lecturers, as is neatly dressed, and also points both sides of the lectures in the classroom.
college students do not stand up to pay tribute to tap the table by hand is often welcomed; if there is no consent, students drag shoe
end to that. I remember once, the first president of the Academy of Sciences, professor came to class well-known blood disease, in his white coat pocket flashlight mouth
still lit, the students expressed views drag shoe at the end, when the man professors do not understand, but, fortunately, a teaching assistant
reminded him immediately closed the torch, the students beat the table immediately said he was delighted.
famous professors in class, a large trapezoidal room to sit empty seats, even the standing room are full. I remember 1937
the world famous professor of plastic surgery Lexer class is the same as the Opera House scene. Professor Lexer class on
famously once said: The surgical work of my life. Jinyuan
I had to learn very hard, always rushing to class, sitting in the front row. Winter, summer is not rest.
In three years we have not to travel, had never seen a movie, winter vacation, summer vacation period, the trainee to the hospital all morning, afternoon
to prepare doctoral dissertation topic, an effort to complete all the time required courses and student lectures, sit on time, on time
graduation. three years of hard work and discipline
I strong enough to survive. Today, looking back, is still surprised himself as much
so lasting power. Especially in the last month testing period, I often sleep. Since my home away from Munich Oktoberfest wide
field close, go there before going to bed every night running around, so that it allowed me to sleep a few hours.
as a foreign student in Germany, you can enjoy a preferential treatment of the degree examinations, the so-called Rigorosum, also
is to write a paper, participated in four clinical disciplines of examination, can Doctor of Medicine. At the time, I had to discuss sources of Shanxi
decided to give up this privilege to students with German as the first national examination in Germany, and then attended Dr.
degree examination. Germany's national examination is very strict, are oral, sub-groups of four conducted in the month to be completed such examination
14 course. Each exam or even a full day to half the time. Such as pathology tests, morning oral,
Xiankao asked human pathological specimens, and then look at five pathological lenses, to make the diagnosis; afternoon, a body must make their own solution
profile. I was one month (September 1939) to complete all 14 course exams, in addition to 2 course is school), the other 11 course is Subsequently, in November the same year and then participated in the Ph.D.
reply. Since my doctoral thesis in the two summers of Pathology (1938,1939) has been completed during the
into, and thus passed the doctoral defense.
doctoral student in Germany, foreign students, do not participate in the national examination, only a privilege to participate in the degree examination,
is unclear, that is Only through a national exam to qualify for the doctor's license, a doctor in Germany can do. So, if I go back to Germany, there are still qualified to be a doctor. In addition, I March 1945 12
received the German
1938 I was at the Institute of Pathology, University of Munich to get a PhD topic, instructors are world famous pathologist Borst
Professor, Lecturer H?ra specific guidance teacher is Dr. . The subject is The Institute received a large appendix of adult thumb, not cancer, nor is it a general inflammation,
pathology is unknown, and therefore Professor Borst is a less toxic disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, but no evidence
It must be found in the specimens of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. I went through a lot of literature, there are similar reports, but only a
kinds of speculation, not confirmed. Institute of Pathology, I was in their own hands, made many of the slices the specimen with a different color dye
method, and finally with the Ziehl-Neelsen stain found a Mycobacterium tuberculosis. A clear diagnosis, the teacher is happy, I will write papers, published as a doctoral thesis. In fact, this is a case report, but the workload is still considerable. Of course, with the current PhD thesis, compared to quite different, too simple. But in a period of 70 years ago, has been regarded as a doctoral thesis.
my Ph.D. advisor, Professor Max Borst respected, knowledgeable, the German government awarded him the His body is not high, more robust, often end a red tie. He put together a He loved classical music, as a doctor symphony orchestra. Professor Borst cheerful, full of humor. National examination for medical students know that particularly strict in the pathological examination, pathological examination to see five lenses, and make a diagnosis. This is a medical student, it is indeed difficult. Therefore, in the pathology of all an open secret, that is, before the exam to look for an old technician, like Borst, Professor, giving him five marks, you can get five glasses and diagnosis; in the old examination by the technician when Delivery
to Borst taught the five lenses. In 1938, the city transferred from another medical student, University of Munich, in reference
before the exam but also to increase the national Institute of Pathology, in quest of the old technician. Happen to be in the lobby of the Institute of Education
met Professor Borst I, the student who thinks he is old technician, Professor Borst gave five marks, Borst, Professor accepted,
also this student five lenses. The next day, we are in class, Borst professor began by saying, Which with
present study, I have to also pay him my last five marks. This caused the entire classroom of students for a long time beating the table; that
pleasure and praise. Recalled the scene today, can not help but laugh aloud. Unfortunately, in 1946, Professor Borst car
disaster due to the death. Visit to Germany in 1979 when I went to see the son of Professor Borst, Hannover Medical School in the famous professor of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery
, through him I paid a visit to Munich, Professor Borst wife, my wife, by her kind meeting.
doctoral issues through Jinyuan vitamin C is related to the role, his mentor was a pioneer in vitamin C, called
Stepp Professor. Jinyuan daily fed rats had, very hard. An achievement of his thesis Instead, national examination results I was This calculation, the length of the two of us have, actually leveled.
need to declare here, and my college graduation and doctorate name on the certificate is based on German spelling: Tjiu
Fa-dsdu; after returning to English alphabet: Chiu Fa-tsu ; after the liberation of all by the modern Pinyin: Qiu Fa-zu. My birthday has also been changed, I only know that I is a tiger, born in the winter. Old habits by China, birthday DATE not Ji, only remember the Lunar New Year; birth to a Chinese New Year is one year old, that is, birthday, so I calculate Sheng in 1915; for easy to remember, I wrote out birthday is November 15, 1915. After returning home I asked my father, he checked the calendar of this, my real birthday is December 6, 1914, in Germany, are all written in the certificate is wrong. Our clinical study in three years time, upset me most is that students think we are Japanese.
Have to have one in mind, students organize a student to go to Munich to visit the suburbs a hot spring area, evening meeting and I had
Jinyuan arrived at the venue, everyone shouted: Welcome to Japanese. Of course, I am very upset, I finally went up the steps, said: We are not Japs, we are Chinese, the Chinese people to be able to study in the University of Munich! At that time, the venue while stunned, and then a round of applause. Today, the country strong, prosperous, and the Chinese people stood up. Only our older students have such a personal experience!
Six, the beginning of my surgical career
1939 年 11 mid-May, I had Jinyuan University School of Medicine in Munich graduated, and received the MD degree
. We are very pleased to exclusively for students in the dining restaurant, bowling at a place in the basement, open
a little celebration, invited six workers at the Munich University of Reading students drink beer, eat pig row. At that time, the beginning of World War II, Germany's food supply is still abundant, there is no rationing system, so we can eat a big meal, and laughing until late at night Xingjin joy farewell. In those days, we went to see the movie, the first time in Germany, movies, film name: Jud Süss (Jew Süss), is abusive slander the Jewish movie. We also made a trip to Berlin, Nürnberg (trial war criminals of World War II the city, I also visited the famous painter Dürer's grave), Leipzig and Dresden four cities and return to Munich in mid-December has been a. I have been thinking about this time, after graduation Which medical professionals. Jinyuan physician had decided to do, I consider the surgeon decided to do again. Anatomy of my foundation is solid, my PhD dissertation is pathological by the anatomy to pathology, then to the surgical pathology, which set the path I walk.
I chose was the largest Schwabing City Hospital, more than 2,000 beds, fully equipped, but also
black Munich University Medical School teaching hospital. In the December 1939 mid-day, I drum with courage, with a diploma and doctoral certificate
Schwabing Hospital, chief surgeon to see H. Bronner professor. Professor Bronner very polite,
asked me some questions, I immediately agreed to go to work, but no salary, so-called 6 Schwabing Hospital surgical wards, men and women of the half, the total is 300 beds,
be great at the time of the surgery, but has a lot of diseases. Inconvenience is too far away from my home, daily 6:00
a half to get up, stand to take the tram to get to the hospital 7. This situation lasted about six months.
director of Germany's major hospitals have their own direct control subjects ward, the title Rounds of these patients, diagnosis, treatment or surgery, director of the costs of the property of all. The reason why such provisions, in order to improve the treatment director of, peace of mind to work part-time do not need to go to the hospital or surgery. The hospital also an assistant director of rations to help deal with the diagnosis and treatment of private patients; Bronner is an assistant professor at Schmidt doctor. Cost of surgery provides a wide range of official and a DM appendicitis priced between 500-5000; director of the economic situation of the patient can set the price, it may be 1,000 marks, it could be 5000 marks. Such a system still in Germany today.
all hospital doctors in Germany are entitled to one month's vacation each year, vacation time from every doctor to decide,
advance notice of director, director agreed on the line. The summer of 1940 at a morning meeting, Bronner, Professor suddenly said: Schmidt doctor that you can leave today, this month to replace a doctor from the fur you. I was totally not prepared, really flattered, perhaps because I usually work very hard, he looked in the eyes to make this decision. A month passed quickly, Schmidt doctors leave back, Bronner said at the meeting in the morning, Professor: Schmidt doctor if you can work to the male ward II, Qiu doctors continue to be my personal assistant strike. Since then, I'm glued to follow him rounds, written in German records, properly handle the medical advice he has commanded. Professor Bronner himself as a new patient reception, telephone are also many, many letters to be dictated by the secretary typing, so a lot of time I spent waiting in the. Secretary Frau Hofberger very amiable and everything are concerned about me. Interestingly, the ward Mumu (nuns, Catholic nurse) every day between 10 am to prepare a meal for Bronner, Professor, but the total time out from a few slices of sausage, a piece of bread and butter, keep me eating . Such a situation, I remember so well.
Adjunct Professor of the Bronner's personal assistant, I had employed as a full staff in Munich, the monthly salary of 300
Mark, together with Professor Bronner private subsidies to give me 100 marks, my economic good.
In the hospital I had a shelter, three meals are free, so I moved out from the old home, the landlord hostess cry.
To the letter and I told Humboldt Foundation, Xie DM 150 a month back a scholarship. This is the thing in July 1941.
Bronner is a prestigious professor, he is a famous disciple of foreign scientists, Professor Frey, and Professor Frey is well-known foreign scientists Sauerbruch
the pupil. Therefore, I will have the honor of Sauerbruch-Frey-Bronner's successor was. Professor Bronner very hard work, scholarship is very rigorous, meticulous; work 10 hours or more per day, and I followed him as hard, fulfill their duties. I remember once, we walked from one ward to another ward, all of a sudden he stopped and said: Go slow, let us plenty of time into the grave; our relative laugh. Although very hard, but I managed under the guidance of his patients, surgery, night shifts, and learned a lot of technology and good Yifeng.
Bronner, Professor of patients extremely responsible, caring, adding the man is a noble medical ethics. He not only for doctors within the section
demanding, and exercise self-discipline. 7:30 every day on time to the department to participate in the morning he would listen to the attending physician's report six large wards. Every Tuesday morning he led the surgeon to the hospital all the pathological anatomy of the Institute to participate in the discussion of autopsy deaths, deaths in the previous week on the accuracy of diagnosis, surgical indications for scrutiny. Every Thursday night, all doctors must participate in the new literature will be to exchange each of the past week to read the literature of the
content. He was under a doctor is very strict, I remember one day a doctor years of work in the morning before the high
drinking, was Weizui state, he not only mercilessly against the doctors surgery and immediately dismissed his post.
my request, he is also very strict. I work for a year after surgery, allowed to do the first appendectomy. In my third
appendectomy surgery, the patient was a middle-aged women after the fifth day the patient suddenly died. Although Shi
autopsy found no surgical problems, but Professor Bronner serious eye on me, years ago, these words have been engraved in my memory, always educate me,
spur me, influenced my surgical career of 65 years, the style and attitude.
1943 defeat in Germany in the beginning, Munich was bombed from time to time. I remember one morning, Bronner, Professor
hand surgery (radical gastrectomy), I became the first assistant. The alarm sounded at a time when the United States over the roar of the plane, we,
loud explosion. At the time, I intuitively sense danger, they urged the suspension of operation, Professor Bronner, pushing and pulling
with the patient to the operating table and out of the operating room. We have just left, a bomb landed just where good insurance ah!
Now think of it still cold sweat fly. Given this situation, the construction of a hospital operating room underground, reinforced concrete walls
2 meters thick, the device is complete. Day and night operation in which we encountered bombing, can feel the depths of the operating room in the ground
shaking, like a boat rocking in the water the same. As construction is very strong, has not been the slightest damage.
I work in the hospital is not without difficulties, but overall is still relatively well, mainly because I never talk about political
governance, just work hard, often on behalf of their value night, and never leave. They need my job, and I need to do to do more soon
ability to learn. Most of my German colleagues, and more cordial relations between, there is only one surgeon called
Hess, is the SS (Schutzstaffel, SS) exception. Leading to the hospital he had proposed, allow me to check the German female patients
Fortunately, my mentor, Professor Bronner pushed him back, so I spent the crisis. Another time at night, I and my German wife (when she was medical student, University of Munich) to a coffee shop near the Town Hall in Munich coffee; the German Government to take special care of the Chinese people, the monthly ration of rice a few pounds, I would ask Shopping my wife, gave her food stamps and money, this action by the secret police pinned. Has shown signs of Germany's defeat was the night to implement blackouts. When we out of the cafe, from the dark hand of a sudden a big stretch to take my right shoulder, to show him my ID: secret police. I was surprised that my documents produced: University Hospital surgeon. The next day, again to investigation, this time is my mentor, Professor Bronner protected me, I'm still safe. , I will be very careful, and my wife is no longer open, or walking in the street with a car.
Aryan Hitler's slogan is only a kind of German people are excellent people. He strongly rejected the Jews, the Jewish people
inferior race.
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